Also a big hitter in the Latvian surname department are patronyms, or names derived from one’s father’s name. Here are some that I’ve come across, with their German equivalent. They’re fairly straightforward:
Andersons (Andersohn)
Ansons (Ansohn)
Jansons (Jansohn)
Mikelsons (Mikkelsohn)
Petersons (Pehtersohn)
Evaldsons (Eewaldsohn)
Jekabsons (Jehkobsohn/Jacobsohn)
Karlsons (Kahrlsohn)
I can’t say that I’ve come across any variations of these patronymic surnames yet, and I think that concept would be fairly uncommon due to the nature of the name!